Background: Hydrocephalus is a condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the brain resulting in dilatation of the ventricles. The prognosis of hydrocephalus depends on the cause and severity of the condition. Computed tomography (CT) is one of the imaging modalities used for diagnosis and evaluation of treatment options as well as for follow up and monitoring of the patients. Aim and Objectives: This study is aimed at documenting CT findings of hydrocephalus in children at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto with specific objectives of determining the common causes of hydrocephalus and comparing the incidence of congenital and acquired hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods: This was a four-year retrospective study of 100 consecutive children with clinical and/or Computarized Tomographic (CT) diagnosis of hydrocephalus who had CT scan at the Radiology Department of UDUTH Sokoto, North Western Nigeria. Data and the images were retrieved from the departmental archives and patient’s case folders. These data regarding the demographics of patients, clinical history and examination, cranial CT findings and radiological measurements were entered into the proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software package version 20. Results: The age range of patients was from 5 days to 14 years with male/female ratio of 1.6:1. Congenital hydrocephalus accounted for 54% while acquired hydrocephalus occured in 46%. Non communicating hydrocephalus was the predominant form of hydrocephalus accounting for 59% while communicating hydrocephalus occured in 41% of patients. Aqueductal stenosis (32%) was the commonest cause of hydrocephalus followed by post meningitic hydrocephalus (22%) and intracranial tumours (16%) respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that congenital hydrocephalus is the predominant type in the study population. Aqueductal stenosis was the commonest cause of hydrocephalus.

Abstract: COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization and is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, and common clinical symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, headache, and fatigue. The cardiovascular system is affected in this infection, with complications including myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, and venous thromboembolic events. Current therapies for COVID-19 may interact with cardiovascular medications. Myocardial injury is relatively common in patients with COVID-19, accounting for 7%-23% of cases, and is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality [1]. In patients with COVID infection clinical suspicion is necessary to diagnose myocarditis as an important complication of this infection. Here we present a patient who developed shortness of breath and orthopnea following sore throat and myalgia and was eventually treated with a diagnosis of myocarditis and discharged from the hospital in relatively good general condition.

Abstract: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) occurs mostly in the infrarenal component of the abdominal aorta (AA) when the diameter of the AA increases from 1.7cm in men and 1.5cm in women to a diameter greater than 3.0cm; this is clinically regarded as aneurysmal. This shows a male preponderance, with age greater than 65 years and common in individuals of European ancestry. This is a 70-year-old retired civil servant and known hypertensive that presented for a computed tomographic angiography (CTA) on account of a pulsatile mass in the mid abdomen. The CTA showed a contrast filled left laterally oriented saccular mass in the infrarenal aspect of the AA measuring about 108mm x 95mm in craniocaudal and mediolateral dimensions. This mass shows a left lateral projection; the nipple or crescent sign of imminent rupture, and a cleft like filling defect posterior and left laterally; thrombus fissuration sign of imminent rupture. A diagnosis of AAA with imminent rupture was made. The patient was placed on medical treatment among which is anticoagulant and antihypertensive therapy with preparation for surgical treatment but he opted for surgical treatment abroad. We report the radiologic findings of AAA with imminent rupture following CTA in an elderly male due to its peculiar presentation and rare nature.

Abstract: ARC syndrome is a life-threatening autosomal recessive multisystem disorder, caused by mutations in the VPS33B or VIPAR genes and its early diagnosis is of vital importance for the development of an appropriate therapeutic regimen. The cardinal features of ARC syndrome are arthrogryposis, renal tubular acidosis, and neonatal cholestatic jaundice with normal gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) level. To date, the database includes 49 published variants in VPS33B and 14 published variants in VIPAR worldwide. Here we report a new variant in VPS33B gene mutation in a 50 days old Lebanese baby boy featuring cholestatic jaundice, multiple contractions of lower limbs including talipes equinovarus and laboratory findings of renal tubular acidosis.

Abstract: Described as the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction and the most common surgical cause of vomiting in infants, Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) is defined as a hyperplasia of smooth muscle fibers of the pylorus that is responsible for the narrowing of the pyloric canal and obstruction of gastric emptying. It occurs at a rate of 1–4 per 1000 live births with a male to female ratio 4:1. The classic presentation of HPS is nonbilious, projectile vomiting in a full-term neonate with a classic presentation at 3 to 4 weeks of age. We report in here a delayed presentation of HPS in an infant aged 4 months who presented with projectile nonbilious recurrent episodes of post prandial vomiting, where history, examination and investigations supported the diagnosis of HPS and Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy was curative.

Abstract: Large wounds with heavy exudate are known to cause moisture related skin damages that can be distressing to the patient especially when he has pain that disturbs his sleep and other activities. Honey, known to be used to treat wound in ancient era, has antimicrobial properties, is anti- inflammatory and is known to promote wound healing. This case report demonstrates the efficacy of Indian medical grade honey in high exuding wound with peri wound skin damage.

Abstract: Salmonella typhi is still considered a health burden in low income countries despite the implementation of vaccination strategies since 1896. The incidence of typhoid fever in some parts of Asia accounts for 10 to 100 cases per 100,000 person-years (1). Typhoid fever typically presents with fever, malaise, constipation and abdominal pain. (2 and 3) Extra intestinal manifestations through hematogenous dissemination (including spondylodiscitis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, etc...) are very rare with a median prevalence of 5-10 % of all salmonella infections (4). Vertebral column invasion secondary to salmonella bacteremia is common in immunocompromised patients, patients with sickle cell disease and very rarely reported in the immunocompetent pediatric patient (5). In this article, we report a case of a 2 years 6 months old immunocompetent Lebanese child, who presented with fever, diffuse abdominal pain and a remarkable abdominal distension of 2 weeks duration, who was found to have salmonella spondylodiscitis.